{"id":6856,"date":"2019-03-15T15:21:45","date_gmt":"2019-03-15T14:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/?p=6856"},"modified":"2021-07-06T14:21:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T13:21:18","slug":"mares-heat-cycle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/en\/mares-heat-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Things to know About the Mare\u2019s Heat Cycle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s finally spring and with it comes the heat season. You might notice a certain number of behavioral patterns that you had forgotten over the winter. Yes, that typical mare attitude is back! &#x1f601; Let\u2019s put the jokes aside. You\u2019ve probably already asked yourself: <strong>Why do mares have heat cycles and women don\u2019t?&nbsp;<\/strong>Does it really change their behavior? Why aren\u2019t these cycles happening all-year-round?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ah\u2026 the secrets of nature! After you read this article you\u2019ll be an expert on mare&#8217;s heat cycles.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2612 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/meme_regles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"543\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/meme_regles.jpg 543w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/meme_regles-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/meme_regles-325x270.jpg 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">Table des mati&egrave;res<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#x1f9d0-Does-my-mare-have-a-cycle-like-women-do\">&#x1f9d0; Does my mare have a cycle, like women do?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x1f9d0nbsp-What-happens-during-the-mares-cycle\">&#x1f9d0;&nbsp; What happens during the mare\u2019s cycle?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#What-about-the-hormones\">What about the hormones?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x1f9d0-So-my-mares-heats-arent-similar-to-a-womans-periods\">&#x1f9d0; So my mare\u2019s heats aren\u2019t similar to a woman\u2019s periods?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#x1f9d0-But-why-does-the-mares-cycle-stop-during-winter\">&#x1f9d0; But why does the mare\u2019s cycle stop during winter?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"x1f9d0-Does-my-mare-have-a-cycle-like-women-do\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#x1f9d0; Does my mare have a cycle, like women do?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed the mare does, but with a little specificity: <strong>the mare has a cyclic seasonal ovarian activity<\/strong>. his means that it repeats these cycles but only during the \u201cnice season\u201d (<strong>april to october<\/strong> usually). However some mares repeat the cycles all-year-long: the rules of mother earth are never set in stone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the reproduction season, the mare goes through heat phases (we call it the <strong>oestrus<\/strong>) during which she accepts the stallion, and phases we call <strong>interoestrus<\/strong> during which she refuses to mate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ovulation happens during the oestrus<\/strong> and an oestrous cycle represents the interval between 2 ovulations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>A cycle lasts on average 21 to 22 days<\/strong> (with rare cases going from 18 to 24 days). The duration of the oestrus changes this variability (the average goes from 4 to 7 days but in some cases it goes from 2 to 15 days!).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women, and I hope you\u2019re not learning this today, have an <strong>all-year-round cycle<\/strong>. It usually lasts<strong> around 28 days<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>M. Darwin\u2019s evolutionist hour<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6858 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin.png\" alt=\"Darwin\" width=\"636\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin.png 636w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin-604x236.png 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The human species\u2019 uninterrupted fertility might be an <strong>evolutionary advantage destined to help us survive.<\/strong> &#x1f44d; As a matter of fact, the baby human (unlike most mammals) isn\u2019t born autonomous and requires long-term care. Furthermore, women usually only have one child to take care of at the same time. The ability to produce an egg every month and to reproduce at any moment of the year might have allowed the human species to survive at a point where the child and maternal mortality rate were really high. Here you go ladies, now you understand why Mother Earth gave us such a formidable gift (that\u2019s sarcasm &#x1f605;)<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Learn more: <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/en\/foal-weaning\/\">Foal weaning, a bogus good idea?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span id=\"x1f9d0nbsp-What-happens-during-the-mares-cycle\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#x1f9d0;&nbsp; What happens during the mare\u2019s cycle?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ovarian cycle is made of 2 great phases:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6875\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6875\" style=\"width: 1272px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6875 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien.png\" alt=\"ovarian cycle mare's heat \" width=\"1272\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien.png 1272w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien-1024x452.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-ovarien-604x267.png 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1272px) 100vw, 1272px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6875\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ovarian cycle \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Phase #<strong>1 &#8211; The follicular phase<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During this stage of the cycle, a small number of eggs (terminal phase of the ovule fabrication) contained in the ovaries grow inside a little pocket named the<strong> ovarian follicle<\/strong>. It\u2019s the <strong>oestrus period<\/strong> for mares (4 to 7 days). During this period, t<strong>he mare accepts the stallion and its reproductive system is ready to be fertilized<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s at this moment that you can observe <strong>\u201cthat typical mare attitude\u201d<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hollow back<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tail up<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vulval contractions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">urine spurts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clitoris \u201cflickering\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your mare expresses<strong> her heat<\/strong> and <strong>her ovaries can be hurting her<\/strong> (so be understanding!).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s <strong>pretty different for women<\/strong> because this period is <strong>longer<\/strong> and has no visible sign. It starts on the first period day and lasts about 14 days. When the maturation is over, one of the eggs is expulsed out of its follicle and goes into the fallopian tube. It\u2019s ovulation, which happens from day 3 to day 5 for a mare against day 14 for a woman.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Phase #2 &#8211; The luteal phase<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For a mare, this is the <strong>interoestrus<\/strong>. The mare <strong>refuses to mate<\/strong> and her reproductive system isn\u2019t able to be fertilized. However it allows for the development of a new embryo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This phase lasts about 14 to 15 days, for a mare and for a woman. During this second phase the ovaries are stimulated by a brain gland (the hypophyse) in order to produce hormones which will prepare the endometrium (inside surface of the uterus) to receive a potential embryo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During this phase, <strong>the mare doesn\u2019t express any particular signs<\/strong>. So if she\u2019s ticklish or impatient, you can\u2019t blame it on her cycle &#x1f604;.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"What-about-the-hormones\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What about the hormones?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This isn\u2019t anything new: <strong>the entire cycle is controlled by hormones<\/strong>. The regular occurrence of the cycles lays entirely on the balance of the hormones produced by the brain, the ovaries and the uterus!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s pretty complicated (even if you\u2019ve studied that in biology during high school). So I\u2019ll sum it up with 2 representations:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6878\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6878\" style=\"width: 1228px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6878 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard.png\" alt=\"hormones mare's heat cycle\" width=\"1228\" height=\"1232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard.png 1228w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-768x771.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-1021x1024.png 1021w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-269x270.png 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1228px) 100vw, 1228px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6878\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hormone regulation of the ovarian function \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6881\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6881\" style=\"width: 1586px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6881\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones.png\" alt=\"hormones mare's heat cycle\" width=\"1586\" height=\"2210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones.png 1586w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones-215x300.png 215w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones-768x1070.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones-735x1024.png 735w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Hormones-194x270.png 194w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1586px) 100vw, 1586px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6881\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparison of hormone concentration in blood between a mare and a woman \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Est-ce que toutes ces hormones influencent notre comportement et celui de nos chevaux ? Probablement oui\u2026 Dans quelle proportion ? C\u2019est un vaste d\u00e9bat dans lequel je ne m\u2019aventurerai pas&#8230; &#x1f605;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"x1f9d0-So-my-mares-heats-arent-similar-to-a-womans-periods\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#x1f9d0; So my mare\u2019s heats aren\u2019t similar to a woman\u2019s periods?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, indeed, <strong>it\u2019s not the same thing at all!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <strong>mare\u2019s heat corresponds with the oestrus,<\/strong> in other words the follicular phase. The mare expresses a few typical behaviors that show the male that they are ready to mate. No such things for a woman who doesn\u2019t show any exterior signs during her ovulation period. It would be kind of weird &#x1f602;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>There is no oestrus phase for women<\/strong>, although there is a follicular phase. The hormones created by the ovary prepare the ovulation and thicken the endometrium. If there is no fertilization at that moment, the egg dies after a day but the ovary keeps on secreting hormones for about 14 days. Then, these hormones cease to be created and the endometrium detaches to be evacuated: these are periods.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6884\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6884\" style=\"width: 1272px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6884 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel.png\" alt=\"woman uterine lining mare's heat\" width=\"1272\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel.png 1272w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel-1024x452.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-menstruel-604x267.png 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1272px) 100vw, 1272px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6884\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Endometrium evolution for women \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>For the mare, there is no \u201cperiod\u201d because the uterine lining never goes through a cycle<\/strong>. The endometrium doesn\u2019t get thicker in case of an hypothetical fertilization, <strong>it will only thicken if there is indeed fertilization<\/strong>! In truth, most mammals are like horses and don\u2019t get periods. <strong>We are the exception!<\/strong> Only some primates (great apes), the elephant-shrew and a few bat species are like us. We aren\u2019t lucky\u2026 &#x1f937;&#x200d;&#x2640;&#xfe0f;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let me represent it for you so it\u2019s all clear:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6887\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6887\" style=\"width: 1586px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6887 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme.png\" alt=\"women cycle mare's heat\" width=\"1586\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme.png 1586w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme-286x300.png 286w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme-768x806.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme-976x1024.png 976w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Cycle-entier-femme-257x270.png 257w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1586px) 100vw, 1586px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6887\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women\u2019s entire cycle \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>M. Darwin\u2019s evolutionist hour<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6858 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin.png\" alt=\"Darwin\" width=\"636\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin.png 636w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Darwin-604x236.png 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Having periods seems less efficient for the body than having none.<\/strong> So why are humans subject to this biological exigence? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are a few hypothesis on the question but a study from 2011 [D. Emera et al.] suggest something interesting. It could be because of a <strong>mother-foetus conflict<\/strong>. The mother and the foetus have a contradictory relationship. Indeed, the first interest of the mother is to <strong>survive the pregnancy<\/strong> to be able to bear other children. The foetus however will <strong>take over its mother\u2019s body<\/strong>, sometimes to her detriment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Periods would then be the consequence of a self-defense system. Women create this thick uterine lining <strong>to protect and isolate themselves from a particularly \u201cgreedy\u201d embryo and it\u2019s \u201cselfish\u201d placenta<\/strong>. Our embryos are particularly invasive and it would be too late to wait fot the implantation. This wall is a preventive one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even better: this phenomenon could <strong>select viable individuals<\/strong>. Indeed, the uterine lining can detect chromosomal anomalies and start a miscarriage in this case.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"x1f9d0-But-why-does-the-mares-cycle-stop-during-winter\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#x1f9d0; But why does the mare\u2019s cycle stop during winter?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>photoperiod<\/strong> phenomenon (length of the daily natural light) will, through the retina, acts directly on the cycle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And yes, this might seem crazy, but it\u2019s all thanks to the pineal gland (still the same) located in the brain. We don\u2019t know the whole mechanism just yet but we know it regulates the melatonin secretion (you know, this hormone we take when we can\u2019t sleep or when we\u2019re jet lagged), which itself regulates the sexual hormones.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6893\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6893\" style=\"width: 842px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6893\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2.png\" alt=\"seasonal hormone regulation mare's heat cycle\" width=\"842\" height=\"1156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2.png 842w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2-768x1054.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2-746x1024.png 746w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Artboard-2-197x270.png 197w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 842px) 100vw, 842px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6893\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simplified representation of the seasonal hormonal regulation in the mare\u2019s cycle \u00a9Equisense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That\u2019s why <strong>when we want to have foals early in the year<\/strong> (race horses for instance), <strong>we put the mares under UV lamps<\/strong> to artificially increase the photoperiod and make them start their cycle earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6896 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301.png\" alt=\"mare's heat cycle\" width=\"1556\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301.png 1556w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301-768x399.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301-1024x532.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.equisense.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Re\u0301sume\u0301-519x270.png 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1556px) 100vw, 1556px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I hope reading this article interested you as much as it did for me when I wrote it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See you soon,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Marine Slove,<br \/>\nVeterinary<\/b><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h6><b>Bibliography :<\/b><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brinsko, S. P., Blanchard, T. L., Varner, D. D., Schumacher, J., Love, C., Hinrichs, K., &amp; Hartman, D. (2011). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manual of Equine Reproduction<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In Mosby Elsevier (Third edit). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Winckler, M. (2008). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout ce que vous vouliez savoir sur les r\u00e8gles\u2026 sans jamais avoir os\u00e9 le demander<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (La sant\u00e9 en questions). Fleurus.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emera, D., Romero, R., &amp; Wagner G, G. (2012). The evolution of menstruation: A new model for genetic assimilation. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bioessays<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (Jan), 26\u201335.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Margat, A. (2017). La fertilit\u00e9 de la jument. Retrieved April 16, 2018, from http:\/\/www.haras-nationaux.fr\/information\/accueil-equipaedia\/reproduction\/la-jument-reproductrice\/fertilite-de-la-jument.html<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><b>Illustrations<br \/>\n<\/b>Icons made by Freepik, Vectors Market, Pixel Buddha from www.flaticon.com<br \/>\nGynecology by Mahmure Alp from the Noun Project<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s finally spring and with it comes the heat season. 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